May 23, 2011

Marketing 3: From Productions to Consumers to the Human Spirit - The Book Review

Book review is written by Hazel Jackson, CEO of biz-group

Having reviewed ‘The Inside Advantage’ by Robert Bloom last month where I was out of my comfort zone, I thought I should develop my confidence and knowledge about the world of Marketing and how social media & rapidly changing digital options are impacting this discipline.

Marketing 3.0 was recommended to me by a couple who use social media extensively for their business and can be seen or heard tweeting everyday. The book is written by three authors, originated in Asia in 2005, evolving through drafts with input from individuals and schools of management. In fact this multi-facet involvement is one of the things I found challenging in complexity of the book.

The book pivots around the concept that as the macro economics of the world have changed, so has consumer behavior – no great surprise. They present past 60 years of Marketing in three phases: Marketing 1.0 was very product centric, Marketing 2.0 evolved into consumer centric and now Marketing 3.0 should be human centric and values driven.

Human Centric means where profitability is balanced with corporate social responsibility. In other words if consumers have a choice between two products or services that are equal they will support the company that contributes more to society. These contributions must be genuine. Companies need to share their mission, vision and values and they need to be really lived. Not something voted on through a post-it note exercise then pasted onto the reception wall, the corporate brochure and website.

I found the principal refreshing that it is no longer just the marketeer’s job to position and pitch something that consumers would buy. But the whole senior management role to make sure the company was built on strong principals and that they delivered something that customers needed, differentiating themselves from the competition and still realizing their role in society. Today consumers can easily compare several similar products; in fact product value is being defined by the consumer. If you are looking for something most people ‘Google’ it, then read the reviews and feedback from likeminded consumers. Marketeers need to treat consumers beyond the 2.0 consumer centric model and see them as whole human beings with minds, hearts and spirits.

At this stage I started asking myself if these guys had really stumbled on something that will change the face of marketing. We’ve known for years in the world of HR how critical this is. I believe companies are defined by their core values and I’ve shared this through previous book reviews: Jim Collins classic, Good to Great; Mastering the Rockefeller Habits, by Verne Harnish; The Go Giver by Bob Burg and John David Mann, and genuinely running the biz-group with our core values at the centre.

Recently in the Great Places to Work – Top 10 UAE companies, it showed that core values and CSR initiatives were key ingredients in creating a sense of belonging and value add for employees. These softer components of the company culture meant they were more loyal, committed and engaged. So it comes as a surprise to me that many companies don’t build themselves around values or even if they do, the Marketing team have not been using this for years.

Perhaps this table best describes the difference between where Marketing was or perhaps in some companies still is and what the authors are recommending.

Comparison of Marketing 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0


Marketing 1.0

Marketing 2.0

Marketing 3.0


Product-centric Marketing

Consumer Oriented Marketing

Values-driven Marketing

Objective

Sell products

Satisfy and retain the consumers

Make the world a better place

Enabling forces

Industrial Revolution

Information Technology

New wave technology

How companies see the market

Mass buyers with physical needs

Smarter consumer with mind and heart

Whole human with mind, heart and spirit

Key marketing concept

Product development

Differentiation

Values

Company marketing guidelines

Product specification

Corporate and product positioning

Corporate mission, vision and values

Value propositions

Functional

Functional and emotional

Functional, emotional and spiritual

Interaction with consumers

One-to-many transaction

One-to-one relationship

Many-to-many collaboration

Many of the changes in column three are attributed to the rise of social media, which they describe in two categories:

  • Expressive – including blogs, YouTube, Twitter, Facebook – places you can express yourself.

  • Collaborative – Wikipedia, Rotten Tomatoes, Craigslist – sites where you share, build and contribute.

The expressive sites contribute to people forming opinions. Trip Advisor recently enables entrance through your Facebook page, so not only can you see everyone’s comments on a destination, but now you see your immediate friend’s recommendations – a far more powerful persuasive influence than complete strangers. Because social media is low cost, and bias free it will be the future for marketing communications the authors say. Around 90% of consumers surveyed by AC Nielsen Global Survey stated they trust recommendations from people they know. Moreover 70% of them believe in customer opinions posted online.

Collaborative sites will be used as the new source of innovation and also the proof that multiple brains are more powerful than individual ones in gathering, building and developing information. The overview is marketeers today no longer have full control over their brands because they are now competing with the collective power of the consumer.

Another summary was, in the first stage (1.0) marketing was transaction oriented, focused on how to make a sale. It evolved in 2.0 to being relationship oriented, how to keep the consumer coming back and buying more. In 3.0 it is about inviting consumers to participate in the company’s development of products and communications. So for my simple brain – it is all about conversations. All of the above was in the opening chapter – I was convinced, I didn’t need any more to show me that we had to change the traditional approaches to marketing and get with the new 3.0 way. They do make a point that 3.0 should be embraced without losing all of the traditional marketing components that focus on selling and customer loyalty.

Book Style

They provide lots of case studies, examples and connections to other authors, to market leading brands and to tried and tested theories. In fact there were so many examples it became confusing at times. In one chapter of 15 pages, there were 36 references to other people’s work or source files. The whole book was a bit like reading a blog, heaps of ideas, held together by a general thread – change or be left behind, as I read I was hoping for a Dummies guide to implementing Marketing 3.0 into your business. There were some application ideas but I’d lost the plot a bit at that stage – we need to contribute towards socio-cultural transformation, create emerging market entrepreneurs and strive for environmental sustainability! They share 10 Credo’s in the last “putting it all together chapter” that I felt were a bit disconnected and also condescending.

10 Credos of Marketing

Credo 1: Love your customers, respect your competitors
Credo 2: Be sensitive to change, be ready to transform
Credo 3: Guard your name, be clear about who you are
Credo 4: Customers are diverse; Go first to those who can benefit most from you
Credo 5: Always offer a good package at a fair price
Credo 6: Always make yourself available, spread the good news
Credo 7: Get your customers, keep and grow them
Credo 8: Whatever your business, it is a service business
Credo 9: Always refine your business process in terms of quality, cost and delivery
Credo 10: Gather relevant information, but use wisdom in making your final decision

These apply to Marketing 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 and are general common sense when running a business. It is a shame they finished on such generic messaging.

What I did get which was a huge positive out of the book?

Be a genuine company, look after your employees, value the society in which you do business, think of what you can give back, not just the bottom line and deliver products and services from your heart. Follow these principals and social media, digital channels and anything that might come in the future will all support your cause. Have all these good practices in place and you won’t be worried about social media, or who says what about your company, you’ll embrace the transparency and value the feedback good or bad in the spirit in which it was shared.

Quality assurance of business education in Bangladesh

Business education involves teaching students the fundamentals, theories, and processes of business. Education in this field occurs at several levels, including secondary education and higher education or university education, with the greatest activity in the latter. Business education typically prepares students for an occupation in business or a business-related field, or a teaching career in academia.

At the graduate school level, students can seek a variety of specific degrees, most often an MBA. Students pursuing postgraduate degrees usually have some prior business experience. In Bangladesh there are numerous institutions which are providing business education including public and private universities. So here comes the question of quality. Are all these institutions providing quality education? Certainly not, especially in Bangladesh perspective. But how can we say that or how can we measure the quality of education.

Measuring the Quality of Education

How to measure the quality of education of an institution? As there is no standardization body in Bangladesh, the question of quality remains unresolved. There are some online ranking of the institutions, which does not reflect true quality assurance. So the discussion on measuring the education quality was very much important and demanding. The speaker discussed the issue with some valid logical points. The discussed points are explained here. According to the speech, quality of education can be measured based on several criteria like:

1. Market demand of graduates

2. Admission in foreign universities

3. Research & publication

4. Credit transfer

5. Affiliations

1. Market demand of graduates

One of the evaluation criteria could be the market demand of the graduates. After completion of the degree how many graduates are being employed by the renowned corporate houses. Definitely all the students make way of their career paths but not all of them are captured by the renowned corporate houses. Here the market value of the graduates is determined by the academic institution. There are some corporate houses which specifically mention some institutions to seek resume. So this can be a quality parameter to measure the quality of education of any institution.

2. Admission in foreign universities

Admission percentage of the said institutions in different foreign institutions can also be a criterion for evaluation of an institution. Many students apply for higher education after completing their graduation of post graduation. But the renowned foreign institutions have pre-requisite for admission and do not accept all the education programs. In this case also, how many students from a specific institution are admitted in foreign institutions, can be an evaluation criteria.

3. Research & publication

One of the important parameter of evaluation of an institution is the range of research work and related publications. Most of the renowned institutions are rich in research work and publications. The more the institution is research oriented, the more prestigious the institution is. Quality research work requires quality researcher and well equipped facility and fund to carry on the research work.

4. Credit transfer

Some students may wish to migrate from one country to other and may wish to transfer his/her credit to the new country, new institution. But the new institution may not accept the credit of an institution that they consider as non-qualified as per their standard. Thus, acceptance of credit can be an evaluation criterion for an institution.

5. Affiliation

Some institutions have affiliation with other international institutes. All institutions can not qualify for affiliation with a standard institution. Thus affiliation with a standard and renowned institution can be an evaluation criterion for an institution.

Instruments to Assure Quality Education

So far we have discussed the evaluation criteria of quality assurance in business education. But how these evaluation criteria can be fulfilled? In the seminar the speaker focused on this issue too.

There are several instruments that can be used to ensure the quality of education. These are as follows:

1. Quality of syllabus

2. Faculty members

3. Discipline of students and teachers

4. Selective in admitting students

5. Infrastructure and facilities

6. Good governance

7. Accreditation council

1. Quality of syllabus

A quality syllabus and course outline is necessary to ensure quality of education. The syllabus must meet the international standard so that the program is recognized globally. Moreover the syllabus must be objective oriented so that the graduates get proper value in the job market.

2. Faculty members

The faculty members, who will be teaching the courses, must be well qualified. They must have adequate academic qualification with remarkable result in the relevant field. Practical knowledge from corporate world is also essential especially for some applied education programs like MBA, Pharmacy, Telecommunication etc.

3. Discipline of students and teachers

Quality of any service depends a lot on discipline. A strictly maintained administrative system is necessary for both students are teachers so that the institution runs smoothly. Quality education can not be ensured if the students are not attending the class or the teachers are giving proper time or not taking class regularly. Time management is an important factor here. System should be developed in such a manner so that the components follow the system in an automated way.

4. Selective in admitting students

Not all students deserve to study any subject. There are some minimum qualifications and pre-requisites. The institution must be selective in admitting students for their education programs. Entry examination, track records, pre-requisites etc. can be applied to scrutinize the applied students and select the proper candidates for the programs.

5. Infrastructure and facilities

Infrastructure and facilities are the logical support for both students and teachers. A campus, classrooms, exam hall, library, computer lab, research lab, multimedia support, air conditioning, online communication, auditorium, student lounge, canteen etc. are very essential logical supports. If an institution doesn’t provide these supports, it can not provide quality education.

6. Good governance

An institution needs different logical supports from the Government. Thus an influential governing body should be there so that institution can keep a liaison with the ministry and the Government. A balanced strategic executive committee is also essential which will provide financial and logical support to the institution. Moreover a qualified administrative and management body is essential to run the organization properly.

7. Accreditation council

Any quality management system should have a check and balance method. An independent third party auditor can serve the purpose. Accreditation council is such type of assurance body. Ratings from accreditation council can also be a criterion for quality assurance of education.

A limited number of private universities in Bangladesh are providing quality education. Among them North South University stands number one in the country. The university meets all the evaluation standards and reigns supreme for last few of years.